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Basically abdomen or stomach is divided into two portions namely upper part and lower part. The upper part has two divisions called upper left and upper right and similarly the lower portion also has two parts. Let side abdominal pain is the pain which is observed in upper left and lower left portion of the stomach.

Hiccups are funny and strange noises which all of us make sometimes from our throat. Very commonly, hiccups are caused while eating quickly. Diaphragm is the dome shaped organ found in the upper portion of the stomach and hiccups are caused when diaphragm gets irritated.

Fructose intolerance is also called as fructose malabsorption. It is a condition which is characterized by the absence of an enzyme called Aldolase B which is responsible for the conversion of fructose into glucose. In people with fructose intolerance, the food which contains fructose will be retained in the inner organs causing complications of liver function. The only way to avoid this situation is by not taking the foods which contain fructose.

Fifth disease is also known by other names such as slapped cheek syndrome, Erthythema infectiosum and slap face etc. It is a common disease observed in children of age group 6-13 and it attacks them only in winter season. The fifth disease has got is name as slapped cheek syndrome due to the fact that the faces of the infected persons turn completely reddish as if beaten by someone. A kind of rash which popularly affects kids during spring and winter season is called fifth disease and it highly contagious and more children are at risk of getting this disease from the affected child.

Emphysema is a chronic pulmonary disease which causes the air sacs of the lungs to lose its elasticity thereby making it difficult to breathe. This condition is more prevalent in individuals who are in the habit of smoking continuously for long years. The people who are affected with emphysema will experience breathlessness and it can become serious, if not treated properly. Normally the bronchioles of the lungs should have proper air spaces. But due to repeated smoking, the air-spaces in bronchioles become enlarged thus causing breathing problem.

A pregnant woman is connected with her fetus through placenta or umbilical cord, which serves as the lifeline between both. Shortly after deliver, the placenta is disconnected from the fetus and tucked inside the mother’s body. During this process, the umbilical cord will produce few drops of blood which is called cord blood. Cord blood banking has gained significance since it contains stem cells which are helpful in curing many diseases like cancer. The cord blood can be preserved at the time of delivery in safe atmosphere of blood bank, which can then be used for the same person or any relative of the person later.

Appendix is a small organ which is well connected to the intestine and is found on the lower side of the stomach. As such this organ does not bear any significant role in the digestive functions. When there is swelling in the appendix, this condition is called appendicitis. The affected individual will feel intense pain which usually begins as the abdominal pain and proceeds sharply with time. After some time, the person will feel intense sharp pain in the lower right side of the abdomen.

There are many popular names for describing this skin infection like ‘holy fire’, ‘Ignis sacer’ and ‘St. Anthony’s fire’ etc. The infection of the skin is caused due to bacteria which damages the epidermis layer of the skin. Erysipelas is also known as ‘Red skin’ in Greek. The disorder is quite common in elderly persons and infants who have poor immune system. Individuals who have diabetes and reduced immunity will also be infected by erysipelas. In some cases infection may spread on the skin after surgeries like mastectomy, bypass surgery and pelvic surgery.

Ehlers Danlos syndrome is an inherited disorder and is characterized by the presence of extremely loose joints and stretched skins. Some changes in genetic mutations can account for this disorder which impairs the functions of collagen. The collagen is responsible for supporting strength to the skin, bone and blood vessels and when the functions are disturbed it will lead to the condition called hyper mobility (loose joints) and hyper-elasticity (loose skin) and weakened tissues.

Edwards syndrome or Trisomy 18 is the presence of additional chromosome by birth. The child will have three copies of the same genetic material instead of two. This birth disorder is common in girls when compared with boys and is a relatively common disorder. The extra genetic material will interfere with the normal development of body and brain. The disorder is named after John H. Edwards who initially described the symptoms in 1960. Edwards syndrome is very common genetic problem affecting almost one in every 3,000 children. The presence of third chromosome will cause serious consequences affecting the normal functions of heart and kidney and the patients with this disorder has low rate of survival.